In the US, the line of zero declination runs up through Alabama, Illinois, and Wisconsin, X Research source at a slight diagonal.To make using the compass much easier, you can correct for declination by either adding or subtracting the declination amount from your bearing in degrees, depending on whether you're taking a bearing from a map or from your compass, and whether or not you're in an area with East declination or West declination. Declination refers to the amount by which North on your map and North on your compass differ at any given point, given the Earth's magnetic field. It's important to compensate by taking the declination into account. Think of how off you'll be after ten or twenty miles. While the difference may seem incidental, traveling just one degree off for the distance of a mile will have you about 100 feet (30.5 m) off track.Depending where you are on the surface of the Earth, you'll have to account for the Magnetic shift to get an accurate reading. Magnetic North refers to the tilt of the magnetic field, about eleven degrees from the tilt of the Earth's axis, making the difference between True North and Magnetic North different by as many as 20 degrees in some places.Unfortunately, because of slight variations in the magnetic field, your compass won't point to True North, it'll point to Magnetic North. All maps are laid out the same, with True North at the top of the map. True North or Map North refers to the point at which all longitudinal lines meet on the map, at the North Pole.While it might seem confusing that there are two kinds of "North," it's a basic distinction that you can learn quickly, and it's an essential piece of information to learn to use a compass properly. Understand the difference between "true" North and "magnetic" North. The orienting lines are the lines within the compass housing that run parallel to the orienting arrow.The orienting arrow is the non-magnetic arrow within the compass housing.The magnetic needle is the needle spinning within the compass housing.The degree dial is the twistable dial surrounding the compass housing that displays all 360 degrees of the circle.The compass housing is the clear, plastic circle that houses the magnetized compass needle.The direction of travel arrow is the arrow in the baseplate pointing away from the compass.The baseplate is the clear, plastic plate on which the compass is embedded.The basic field compass, also sometimes called a baseplate compass, features the following simple components you should familiarize yourself with as soon as possible: X Research source While the designs of compasses are different, all compasses include a magnetized needle that orients itself to the magnetic fields in the Earth. Understand the basic layout of the compass.
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